Clinical training

During the Interventional Radiology Integrated Residency, clinical training covers all subspecialty areas of diagnostic radiology. You participate in radiologic examinations, interpretations and interventional procedures while on rotations in every subspecialty.

Rotation schedule

Each PGY year is separated into 13 four-week rotations. See a full five-year rotation block diagram.

• PGY-2, PGY-3 and PGY-4. Thirty rotations of diagnostic radiology experience are provided during the PGY-2 through PGY-4 years. Eight rotations are focused on interventional radiology, research and elective time. An additional rotation block is reserved for participation in the American Institute for Radiologic Pathology (AIRP) course in Silver Springs, Maryland.
• PGY-5. Ten rotations of fellow-level interventional training are provided. A single rotation is spent in the intensive care unit, as required by Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) guidelines. The additional two rotations in PGY-5 are reserved to maintain American Board of Radiology (ABR) requirements for mammography and nuclear medicine.
• PGY-6. This is a clinical year similar to that of prior fellowship education and includes time spent in vascular surgery, as well as a trauma rotation at University of Florida Health, Jacksonville.

Call frequency

Your call schedule is different for each rotation. Mayo Clinic follows the recommendations of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.

Didactic training

Clinical conferences, formal courses, seminars, small discussion groups, journal clubs and one-on-one instruction are all integral parts of the Interventional Radiology Integrated Residency.

Didactic opportunities include:

• Introductory course for PGY-1 residents
• Noon didactic and case conferences (five days a week) given by residents, staff and visiting professors, with an additional Tuesday morning case conference weekly
• Physics and radiobiology course
• American Institute for Radiologic Pathology course
• Faculty-assisted research seminars
• Multiple weekly and monthly subspecialty multidisciplinary conferences
• Board review course
• Diagnostic radiology library (American College of Radiology and Mayo Clinic teaching files, texts, periodicals and electronic educational media) with interactive study stations

Physics education

There are several components to the physics education program for residents:

• Imaging and radiation safety orientation. A course that presents basic principles of each imaging modality and radiation safety.
• Radiologic physics course. A course covering radiation physics, diagnostic imaging, radiation biology and radiation protection. The Department of Radiology's faculty medical physicists teach the course.
• Physics board review. A series of interactive review sessions offered to residents prior to taking the American Board of Radiology Core Exam.
• Informal physics consultation. The Department of Radiology's medical physicists are available to residents for consultation and assistance regarding topics such as clinical imaging principles, research project design and implementation, and radiation safety issues.

Radiology Teaching File and library

The Mayo Clinic Radiology Teaching File contains pathologically proven cases that are worked up, researched and entered into the permanent file for resident education. The American College of Radiology teaching file is included as part of the electronic teaching file system. The department's library contains computers for residents and fellows, proprietary database search software, extensive audiovisual materials, and a large collection of pertinent journals and textbooks.

Conferences

PGY-2 to PGY-4 interventional radiology residents attend the:

• 7 a.m. conference on Monday, Tuesday, and Friday
• Daily noon conference
• Diagnostic radiology resident conference: residents prepare and present three to four didactic lectures for this conference

PGY-5 and PGY-6 residents attend the:

• Monthly Wednesday 7 a.m. morbidity and mortality conferences.
• Hepatobiliary oncology conference, which is the critical conference to discuss and plan oncologic therapies for the hepatobiliary system. Interventional radiology residents present imaging findings to the multidisciplinary team and participate in discussion and recommendation as experience allows.
• PGY-5 and PGY-6 residents may also attend the Thursday morning pulmonary tumor board conference.

Research training

All interventional radiology residents are required to present two seminar projects during their residencies. Seminar projects are focused on topics of their choice. The seminar is a 30-minute lecture and presentation prepared under the direction of a consulting staff adviser.

These seminars usually are based on a review of Mayo Clinic's experience with a particular disease or the investigation of a new technology as it relates to a particular problem. Recent seminar topics have included:

• Accuracy of enhanced MRI in detection of recurrent lumbar disks
• Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by fast CT
• Hepatic cavernous hemangioma: Re-evaluation of CT criteria
• Magnetic resonance flow measurements to screen for chronic mesenteric ischemia
• Intraoperative ultrasound after carotid endarterectomy

You also participate in additional research projects and are expected to have at least one publication or presentation during their training. In addition, you participate in a practice quality improvement project. Our faculty are world-renowned researchers leading clinical trials and developing novel therapies, and you are encouraged to work with all of them. 

Teaching opportunities

You have the opportunity to teach Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine students, visiting students from other medical schools, junior residents, and other residents spending elective time in diagnostic and interventional radiology.

The interventional and diagnostic radiology rotations are highly collaborative in nature and interaction between residents is both encouraged and facilitated. There is ample opportunity to impart knowledge and teaching on more junior residents on service.

Specific teaching opportunities include discussing cases from the Radiology Teaching File, assisting with daily assignments in film interpretation and instruction of minor procedures pending completion of procedural competencies.

Career development

You meet periodically with various faculty members, administrators, and the residency program director to discuss your professional goals. Mayo recruits many of its staff physicians from its own training programs, so when you successfully complete the Diagnostic Radiology Residency, job opportunities may be available at one of Mayo's group practices. The interventional radiology faculty have trained at some of the best programs across the country including, University of Virginia, Duke, Emory, Florida State University, UF Health, Medical College of Wisconsin, Stanford, and UCSF, providing you with a strong network for career development. Mayo's vast alumni network is an asset and resource, providing opportunities in both academic radiology and private practice.  

Evaluation

To ensure that you acquire adequate knowledge and develop the appropriate technical skills to meet program expectations, your performance is monitored carefully during the Interventional Radiology Integrated Residency. You are formally evaluated by supervising faculty members after each clinical rotation and meet with the program director to review these evaluations. In addition, you regularly evaluate the faculty to confirm that your educational needs are being met.

The Department of Radiology's program evaluation committee continually monitors the Interventional Radiology Integrated Residency. Elected junior and senior resident representatives are active members of this committee.