Virology and Gene Therapy Track
faculty-to-student ratio
In a world where new infectious agents emerge and old ones reemerge, the study of virology has never been more crucial. Virologists are at the forefront of biological science, dedicated to understanding viruses and translating that knowledge into vital clinical applications. Our field not only lays the groundwork for preventing, diagnosing, and treating viral diseases but also enhances our understanding of cell biology, genetics, microbiota, and immunology— key components in public health and disease control.
The Virology and Gene Therapy (VGT) Track within the Ph.D. Program at Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Science is designed to equip the next generation of biomedical scientists with the skills to discover and implement groundbreaking virus, cell, and gene therapies, ultimately transforming healthcare worldwide. You will thrive in a dynamic, collaborative research environment, guided by faculty experts in virology, viral vectors, cell therapies, and molecular therapeutics. Here, you’ll engage in innovative research that intersects with biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, genetics, and immunology, setting the stage for your success as an independent investigator. Join us and be part of a movement to advance global health through scientific discovery!
Current areas of research include:
- Antiviral therapeutics
- Cellular reprogramming
- Cellular therapy
- Functional genomics
- Gene therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Molecular biology of viruses
- Mechanisms of virus-host interactions
- Oncolytic virotherapy
- Phage therapy
- Pharmacology/toxicology
- RNA therapeutics
- Stem cell therapy
- Vaccine development
Curriculum
All trainees receive a comprehensive education in the biomedical sciences through a set of core courses. The VGT program places a significant emphasis on laboratory-based research training. This training is complemented by specialized lectures, tutorials, journal clubs, and seminars that provide advanced training in molecular virology, host-pathogen interactions, viral and non-viral vector development, tumor immunology, gene therapy for genetic diseases and cancer, and clinical translation of viral and molecular therapeutics.
Year 1
Trainees are introduced to the laboratories participating in the program. You have the opportunity to visit these laboratories and select three in which you will spend six weeks immersed in the lab’s research program. You'll then select your thesis lab in the spring.
In conjunction with the laboratory rotations, you begin fulfilling the core curriculum requirements as well as the virology and gene therapy requirements. Most students complete the core courses by the end of their first year in addition to taking the written qualifying exam.
Year 2
As a second-year student, most of your time is spent in the lab developing preliminary data toward your thesis project. By December of the second year, you draft your thesis proposal and take the oral qualifying examination on your proposal. Together with a thesis advisor, you select faculty members to participate in your thesis advisory committee.
Second-year students also take advanced tutorials in virology and molecular therapy as well as areas related to your project.
Years 3-5+
The third and subsequent years are devoted primarily to pursuing thesis research with some additional courses.
Thesis advisory committee meetings assess the trajectory and evaluate the progress of your thesis research project on a regular basis. Upon completion, you write a thesis and present your findings in seminar form. This is followed by a thesis defense.
I chose Mayo because of its unparalleled resources and collaborative environment that bridges basic science and clinical research. Mayo’s focus on translational medicine and access to cutting-edge facilities align perfectly with my goal of developing innovative therapies for genetic diseases. The research expertise within VGT is remarkable, allowing me to integrate virology, genetics, and therapeutic development into my project.
Asmaa Mekawy
Ph.D. student, Virology and Gene Therapy Track
Students in the Virology and Gene Therapy track can pursue projects to characterize unknown aspects of viral disease, develop novel viral vectors and oncolytics, or bring cellular and gene therapies towards clinical use. As part of a tight-knit research community supported by the broader Mayo system, we are empowered to undertake graduate studies across all areas of basic and translational virology. VGT fosters the integration of basic science, translation, and clinical practice.
Dimitrije Ratkov
Ph.D. Student, Virology and Gene Therapy Track
I have chosen my PhD journey in the VGT track to be at Mayo due to its vast resources, integrated systems and policies in place, and collaborative support for scholars. The presence of a strong scientific body comprising researchers, scientists, and educators, along with a culture that promotes inclusivity and celebrates differences, and a community of like-minded individuals fostering a better environment for all.
Soha Rizk
Ph.D. student, Virology and Gene Therapy Track
Instinctively, I knew Mayo Clinic was the right choice for me to pursue a PhD in Virology and Gene Therapy because of the diversity and support present within the student and faculty population. Additionally, Mayo Clinic empowers their students to pursue their research interests as demonstrated by the institution fully funding your scholarship all 5 years of the program- this is a unique quality I have not seen provided by any other graduate institute.
Hannah Valencia
Ph.D. student, Virology and Gene Therapy Track
The Virology and Gene Therapy Track is a one-of-a-kind program that spans basic research in viral vectors to downstream analysis of clinical trial samples. This track prepares you to gain a solid understanding of virology as well as preclinical and clinical product development. Students in this track have a unique opportunity to see firsthand how academia interfaces with clinical, biotechnical and industrial interests to bring the next therapeutics from concept to patient bedside.
Justin Maroun, M.D.-Ph.D.
Former M.D.-Ph.D. student, Virology and Gene Therapy Track
Current thesis topics
- “Development of Ebola Virus Life Cycle Modeling Systems for Analysis of Nucleoprotein Function and Roles in Virulence” Brady Zell (Mentor: Michael Barry, Ph.D.)
- “Biological Significance of Newly Identified Viral Transcripts to the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of Members of the Genus Thogotovirus” Vaille Swenson (Mentor: Michael Barry, Ph.D.)
- “Gene Therapy for X-linked Alport Syndrome” Brian Parrett (Mentor: Michael Barry, Ph.D.)
- “Novel Vesiculovirus Library Characterization for Repeat Dosing Strategies” Natalie Elliott (Mentor: Mitesh Borad, M.D.)
- “Where’s Waldo: Finding Tumor Antigens in the Circus of the Tumor Microenvironment” Benjamin Kendall (Mentor: Richard Vile, Ph.D.)
- “The Role of a Chemokine Receptor CCR8 in Regulation of Type 2 Immunity in Response to Airborne Allergens” Min-Jhen Jheng (Mentor: Hirohito Kita, M.D.)
- “Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Antitumor Immunity in Response to Radiotherapy” Chisom Uzendu (Mentor: Fabrice Lucien-Matteoni, Ph.D.)
- “Combining Cytotoxicity through Tumor Specific TCR and CAR to Improve Efficacy of CAR-T Cell Therapy” Kun Yun (Mentor: Saad Kenderian, M.B.Ch.B.)
- “Gene Therapy for Osseous Nonunions” Erin McGlinch (Mentors: Christopher Evans, Ph.D. and Michael Barry, Ph.D.)
- “Development of RNA-based Oncolytic Immunotherapeutic Combination Platforms for Cancer” Kyla Boyd (Mentor: Autumn Schulze, Ph.D.)
- “Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Variant Expression on Cardiomyocytes Derived from Pluripotent Stem Cells” Dimitrije Ratkov (Mentor: Roberto Cattaneo, Ph.D.)
- “Improving Anti-Tumor Activity of Engineered Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells” Wenjing Zhang (Mentor: Haidong Dong, M.D., Ph.D.)
- “Improving and Developing Foamy Virus Rescue Efficiency and Applications in Gene Therapy” Eric Cheang (Mentor: David Deyle, M.D.)
- “Gastrointestinal Tract Decolonization of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae using Phage” Luz Cuello-Pagnone (Mentor: Robin Patel, M.D.)
- “Characterizing the Anti-Viral Responses to Foamy Virus Infection, Replication and Persistence in Human and Murine Cells as a Prelude to Development of Foamy Virus as an Oncolytic Vector” Soha Rizk (Mentor: Richard Vile, Ph.D.)
- “Gene Therapy for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease” Asmaa Mekawy (Mentor: Michael Barry, Ph.D.)
- “Improving Tumor Clearance and Persistence of Primary CAR-NK Cells through Modulation of the SHIP-1/PI3K Signaling Axis” Dominic Skeele (Mentor: Saad Kenderian, M.B.Ch.B)
- “Optimizing Helper-Dependent Adenovirus Vectors for the Gene Therapy of Alport Syndrome by Capsid Engineering” Micah Curran (Mentor: Michael Barry, Ph.D.)
- “Decoupling the Contributions of Measles Virus C Protein and Human Adenosine Deaminase Acting on RNA 1 (ADAR1) to Evasion of Innate Immune Activation Elicited by Double-Stranded RNA” Matt Acosta (Mentor: Christian Pfaller, Ph.D.)
2024
- “Unconstrained Mitochondrial Base Editors,” Santiago Restrepo-Castillo, Ph.D. (Mentors: Stephen Ekker, Ph.D. and Patricia Devaux, Ph.D.)
- “The Systems Biology of Personalized Medicine,” Angela Florio, Ph.D. (Mentor: George Vasmatzis, Ph.D.)
- “Mechanisms of Measles Virus Brain Tropism Acquisition and Spread,” Iris, Ph.D. (Mentor: Roberto Cattaneo, Ph.D.)
2023
- “Engineering Adenoviral Vectors for Oncolytic Immunotherapy,” Shao-Chia Lu, Ph.D. (Mentor: Michael Barry, Ph.D.)
- “Modulation of CART cell Activation to Enhance Antitumor Response via CRISPR-mediated Gene Editing and Combined Immunotherapy,” Claudia Manriquez Roman, Ph.D. (Mentor: Saad Kenderian, M.B.Ch.B.)
2022
- “Measles Vector Platform for Reprogramming and Gene Editing of Human Fibroblasts,” Naga (Ramya) Rallabandi, Ph.D. (Mentor: Patricia Devaux, Ph.D.)
- “The Role of the Polycytidine Tract in Mengovirus Oncolytic Virotherapy,” Velia Penza, Ph.D. (Mentor: Stephen Russell, M.D., Ph.D.)
2021
- “Generation and Characterization of a Foamy Virus-Based Replicating Retroviral Vector System For Cancer Therapy,” Karol Budzik, Ph.D. (Mentor: Stephen Russell, M.D., Ph.D.)
- “Combination Therapy Using Adenovirus Delivered Immune Adjuvants To Improve CAR T Cells In Solid Tumors,” Christopher Driscoll, Ph.D. (Mentor: Richard Vile, Ph.D.)
- “Identification of Novel Antivirals Against Emerging Tick-Borne Viruses,” Crystal Mendoza, Ph.D. (Mentor: Hideki Ebihara, Ph.D.)
- “Gene Therapy for Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease,” Jeffrey Rubin, Ph.D. (Mentor: Michael Barry, Ph.D.)
- “Tracking Gene Editing In Vivo and Enhancing Editing Efficiency for Gene Therapy,” William Gendron, Ph.D. (Mentor: Michael Barry, Ph.D.)
2020
- “Exploration of the Protein Sequence Space of the Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) Across Chordate Evolution to Improve In Vivo Imaging,” Susanna Concilio, Ph.D. (Mentor: Stephen Russell, M.D., Ph.D.)
- “Reversal of Intratumoral Antiviral State to Enhance the Oncolytic Efficacy of Small RNA Viruses,” Justin Maroun, M.D., Ph.D. (Mentor: Stephen Russell, M.D., Ph.D.)
- “Targeting Mechanisms of Protein Degradation to Improve Viral Immunotherapy,” Amanda Huff, Ph.D. (Mentor: Richard Vile, Ph.D.)
Your future
Opportunities for graduates of the Virology and Gene Therapy program are vast. Many of our graduates choose to pursue postdoctoral training regardless of whether they intend to pursue careers in academia or industry. Other students choose to enter advanced training programs like clinical microbiology and biochemical genetics programs.
After graduating from the program, you could also choose to pursue a career in education, scientific policy, scientific writing and editing, or become a scientific grant program officer. Several students from our laboratories have become tenured faculty and leaders in industry and in foundations.
Meet the director
Welcome to the Virology and Gene Therapy track at Mayo Clinic — a leading medical institution where you’ll receive training from some of the world’s brightest, most-distinguished scientists and physicians.
The VGT program offers a high-quality, focused training program you won’t find anywhere else. We provide trainees with an education in fundamental principles of virology and the ability to rationally design and apply novel therapeutics for the treatment of disease. Our multidisciplinary program spans the research and clinical shields at Mayo Clinic to facilitate rapid bench-to-bedside translation as well as easy access to clinical samples.
Opportunities are available in a broad range of basic science, translational, and clinical laboratories, with more than 50% of our faculty involved in clinical trials.
Autumn Schulze, Ph.D.
Virology and Gene Therapy Program Director
Assistant Professor of Molecular Medicine
Phone: 507-293-1397
Email: schulze.autumn@mayo.edu
See research interests
Virology and Gene Therapy track: Student research profiles
These are a few of our featured student research profiles in the Virology and Gene Therapy track. Students share their research journeys and future plans. See all student research in Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.